The machining process of CNC Swiss-type lathes involves quite a number of process regulations. It includes not only the machining process of parts but also the cutting parameters, tool path, tool dimensions, and the whole process of the machine tool's movement. This requires programmers to be very familiar with the performance, characteristics, movement modes, tool systems, cutting parameters, and workpiece clamping schemes of CNC machine tools. The quality of the process plan will not only affect the efficiency of the machine tool but also directly influence the quality of the parts. The machining process of CNC turning and milling machine tools mainly includes the following aspects:
Firstly, it is necessary to be familiar with the position, function, and other aspects of the part in the product. Figure out the impact of various technical requirements on the product. Identify the key technical requirements and confirm the material, dimensions, and tolerance requirements of the part. Swiss-type lathes have relatively high requirements for the dimensions and tolerances of workpieces.
Analyze the dimension marking methods on the part drawings. Swiss-type lathe machines use the cutting tool to block the material, and take this position as the mechanical reference point for machining. Therefore, the dimension marking methods on the part drawings should adapt to the characteristics of CNC Swiss-type lathe machining. Generally, dimensions should be marked with the same reference as much as possible or coordinate dimensions should be directly given. This marking method is not only convenient for programming but also conducive to the unification of the design reference, process reference, measurement reference, and programming origin. It is relatively scientific and reasonable and also reflects the design level of the designer. If the marking method on the drawing does not conform to this principle, process treatment must be carried out before programming. Analyze the geometric elements of the part profile. Calculate the coordinates of each node, either program directly or conduct programming analysis by using the method of "blueprint direct programming".
Analyze the precision and technical requirements. Analyzing the precision and technical requirements of parts is an important part of the part processability analysis. Only on the basis of analyzing the dimensional precision and surface roughness of parts can the machining methods, clamping methods, cutting tools, and specific cutting parameters be correctly and reasonably selected. It is necessary to analyze whether the dimensional precision, dimensional chain, and various technical requirements are complete and reasonable. For those with position precision requirements, more attention should be paid to the selection of clamping methods or clamping positions.
Analyze the processability of the workpiece structure, that is, analyze the applicability of the machining methods and selected tools on the part drawing. The designed parts should be easy to be machined and formed. For the less reasonable parts, the opinions of the designer should be solicited for modification.
To ensure the machining quality of parts and the rational use of equipment, the machining processes should be reasonably formulated on the basis of the processability analysis of part drawings. Under the condition of not destroying the rigidity of parts, the machining of internal holes should be arranged before the machining of external circles. The machining stage can be divided into three stages, namely rough machining, semi-finishing machining, and finishing machining, according to needs. Confirm whether there is a stage of simultaneous machining by the main and auxiliary spindles and confirm the clamping position of the auxiliary spindle chuck. When making specific selections, corresponding machining methods and machining schemes should be selected according to factors such as the precision and surface roughness requirements of parts, materials, structural shapes, and dimensions. When dividing processes, the machining process routes are generally formulated and arranged according to principles such as rough machining first and then finishing machining, machining the far part first and then the near part, internal and external crossing, and the base surface first.
Based on the above analysis, tools are selected according to principles such as durability, wear resistance, and easy chip breaking, and according to the properties of materials. Based on actual machining experience and reference data for tool use, the spindle speed, feed rate, and specific cutting parameters are determined.
After completing the previous three steps and doing some mathematical processing of coordinates, programming can be carried out. Firstly, write the spindle program. After confirming that it is correct, then write the auxiliary spindle program. The programs for Swiss-type lathes are rather particular. Due to the large number of controlled axes and tools, complex machining such as simultaneous machining with eccentric rotary power tools and rotary tools, simultaneous machining with eccentric rotary power tools and power turning tools, simultaneous machining with the rotary tools of the auxiliary spindle and the front I.D. tools of the main spindle, C-axis machining of the main spindle, synchronous movement and rotation of the main and auxiliary spindles, rigid tapping of the main and auxiliary spindles, compound control of the main and auxiliary spindles, and drilling of eccentric holes by the main and auxiliary spindles can be carried out. There are quite a number of issues to be considered during programming, and relatively comprehensive requirements are imposed.
Source: Internet
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